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  Peter Roach

The IPA Kiel Convention

24/9/2015

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Wikipedia has an article on the 1989 Kiel Convention of the IPA, an important event in the history of the Association. Unfortunately the article looks as if it was written by someone who knew almost nothing about it. The historical aspect of the convention is presented thus: “The strong yet conservative changes to the alphabet first appeared in the 1993 alphabet and were slightly tweaked in the 1996 revision”, while the treatment of suprasegmentals is given the following account: “Suprasegmental is a term used for intonation, stress, and other prosodic aspects of speech that are hard to denote (sic) at the segmental level. The IPA tried to address how to best denote these issues at the Kiel Convention, but the problem has not been truly fixed. The 1993 version, however, had a more expanded (sic) suprasegmental section".

There is a great deal that could and should be written on this topic. It would be nice if somebody would rewrite the whole article so that it does actually inform the reader about the main goals and achievements of the 1989 Convention. If I have to do it, I will have to get my hands on some back numbers of JIPA, as various papers related to the Convention appeared (before it and after it) in that journal. I remember co-authoring a paper with Peter Ladefoged (he was IPA President at the time, and I was Secretary) which was meant to be a sort of tour d'horizon to help define issues that needed to be covered at Kiel; we produced the first draft of the paper when I was visiting UCLA.

There was a group photo of all the people who attended (I still have my copy), and I think it was John Wells who recently put a copy of this on Facebook to see how many names could be recalled.

I remember it being a pleasant occasion, with a businesslike atmosphere (and an enjoyable banquet). I travelled to Kiel in our campervan, taking 15-year-old Matt and his friend, who stayed on a campsite while I stayed at the conference hotel. I cycled out to the campsite twice a day to check they were all right, and this was the first time I had cycled on purpose-built cycle ways. It was a wonderful experience to ride along the car-free roads, noticing how friendly the cyclists were to each other. The high point was when some helpful riders showed me to the tiny free ferry taking pedestrians and bikes across the Kiel canal.

There were phoneticians there who didn't seem to belong to the usual crowd that one met at phonetics conferences. These were people who were usually engaged in fieldwork on little-known languages far from Europe, and their views were given a lot of weight; many people, including me, were dismayed at the changes to the symbolization of clicks and of tones that were the result of their input in the special sessions.

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/a:/ - a new Wikipedia vowel for English

12/9/2015

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Wikipedia has invented a new "variable vowel" symbolized /a:/ which can represent either /æ/ or /ɑː/ as the situation requires. It is thus a sort of archiphoneme or diaphoneme, and is listed alongside /i/ and /u/.

The note (no. 24) for this vowel on the WP page Help:IPA for English explains the vowel in this way: "With common English words like 'bath' and 'fast', a posh British accent will have ɑː while an American accent will have æ. With relatively recently introduced words, such as 'taco', and placenames such as 'Denali', however, nearly the opposite is the case: British English tends to have æ while American English tends to have ɑː"


The word "posh" will have to go - much too subjective to be used in a serious article.The claim about 'taco' and 'Denali' is not backed up by any evidence. In the case of 'taco', CEPD gives /tæk.əʊ,  tɑː.kəʊ/. For 'Denali' we have /dəˈnɑː.li/. I can't imagine an English person, confronted with 'Denali' for the first time, pronouncing it as /dəˈnæl.i/. I will have to try to improve this note.


My main problem with this "diaphonemic" system of WP is that it isn't properly explained. How many users of WP are going to understand that /a:/ is not to be used except where /æ/ and /ɑː/ are in free variation (where the distinction between them is neutralized)? It requires a grasp of the principle that it would be OK to transcribe 'bath' as /baːθ/ but not OK to transcribe 'cat' as /kaːt/.


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    A blog that discusses problems in Wikipedia's coverage of Phonetics

    Peter Roach

    Emeritus Professor of Phonetics,
    ​University of Reading, UK

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